Market analysis of high pressure frp pipeline for oil field
Chapter I Overview
1. History of high pressure FRP pipes
High-pressure fiberglass pipe is made of high-strength fiberglass impregnated with low-viscosity resin matrix with high adhesive capacity on the winding equipment and wound on the core mold according to the set angle and , and then cured, demoulded and processed. Its main characteristics are excellent corrosion resistance, high durability, light weight and high strength.
Compared with other anti-corrosion measures, the application of GRP in oil field corrosion prevention has low comprehensive cost and good technical and economic benefits. GRP pipe has become the most promising non llic pipe with the largest amount of corrosion control in oil fields.
In the mid-1950s, the filament wound epoxy glass fiber reinforced plastic pipe began to be used in some oil fields in the United States, and was successively used for transmission pipelines, tubing and casing.
In the early 1980s, the American Petroleum Institute successively formulated the corresponding API specifications for high pressure fiberglass tubing, tubing, casing, etc; At the end of the 1980s, corresponding amendments were made. These specifications have made corresponding provisions on the material selection and molding method of FRP for the petroleum industry, marking the recognition of high-pressure FRP in the petroleum industry, and promoting the application and development of high-pressure FRP.
The 1960s and 1980s were the peak periods of the application of GRP pipes in American oil fields. As long as the pressure and temperature that the glass fiber reinforced plastic pipe can withstand, it will replace the steel pipe to the maximum extent. Due to the decline of oil production in the United States (rather than product problems or the emergence of more revolutionary products), the use of oil began to decline in 1986.
In general, the application of high-pressure fiberglass pipe in oil field anti-corrosion has been a very successful mature technology in developed countries. For China's oil fields, it is also a very promising technical product (according to the comparative prediction of the development of FRP in China and the United States: China should have a peak in use from 2010 to 2020, and now to 2010 is a period of rapid growth).
Why does GRP pipe have such a powerful revolutionary force?
2. Characteristics of high pressure fiberglass pipe
Excellent corrosion resistance
Compared with steel pipes, it has much superior corrosion resistance, such as various strong acids and alkalis, various inorganic salt solutions, oxidation media, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, various surfactants, polymer solutions, various organic solvents, etc., as long as the resin matrix is selected properly, GRP pipes can withstand for a long time.
Good fatigue resistance and long service life
One is due to its excellent corrosion resistance, and the other is due to its excellent interface bonding performance. The design service life of high-pressure glass fiber reinforced plastic pipe is more than 20 years. In fact, it is often intact after more than 30 years of use, and it is maintenance-free within its service life.
High pressure bearing capacity
High-pressure fiberglass reinforced plastic is lightweight and high-strength, see the following table:
The normal pressure grade of high-pressure fiberglass pipe is 3.5MPa-25MPa (up to 35 MPa). Compared with other non- llic pipes, the pressure resistance is much higher and the application range is much wider.
Heat resistance
At present, the long-term service temperature of all commercial GRP pipes in the world has not exceeded 115 degrees (about 160 degrees glass transition temperature), and the short-term service temperature has not exceeded 135 degrees (Ameron technology). Compared with steel pipes, the temperature resistance is much lower, which is its disadvantage. However, compared with other non- llic pipes, it has good heat resistance. It is understood that China has a technical reserve for producing high-pressure pipes with a glass transition temperature of 230 degrees, which can dramatically increase the long-term heat resistance temperature of GRP pipes to 160-170 degrees. So it can greatly expand its application scope and solve the problems that need to be solved in the use of deep wells.
Light specific gravity
The specific gravity of high-pressure fiberglass steel pipe is about 2.0, about 1/4 of that of steel pipe. Therefore, it is convenient for transportation, simple for installation, and does not need large and complex installation equipment. Only 3 people and some matching simple tools are needed for pipelines below DN100.
Not easy to scale and wax, low flow resistance
Due to the high finish and special chemical structure of the inner wall of GRP, it is very difficult for wax microcrystals to precipitate and grow on the inner surface of GRP. Its hydraulic index Hassen-Williams coefficient is 150. Smooth and clean inner wall can reduce pumping power and save transmission energy consumption (see the figure below).
Simple connection mode and high strength
High-pressure fiberglass steel pipe is installed and connected with API 5B standard 8-thread tubing round thread connector (10 threads of tubing round thread are used below 2 inches), which is convenient, fast and reliable.
3. Application of high pressure fiberglass pipe in oil field
According to the existing engineering experience and the engineering practicability of GRP, high-pressure GRP is recommended to be applied in the following five aspects of the oil field:
(1) Production tubing in shallow wells
(1.1) Flowing well containing carbon dioxide
(1.2) Rodless production wells
(1.2.1) Gas lift production well
(1.2.2) Electric submersible pump production well
(1.2.3) Linear motor oil well
(1.3) Natural gas well
When the temperature is lower than 95 ℃, the bottom hole pressure is less than 35MPa, and the well depth is less than 3000m, it is recommended to use FRP tubing. At present, the maximum service temperature that the world can meet is about 110 ℃, so steel tubing has to be used for deeper wells or wells with higher temperature. On the other hand, at present, there are more and more deep gas wells, and the most advanced alloy steel can only have a service life of 1-2 years. Therefore, high temperature corrosion resistant FRP tubing should be the top priority of our pipeline enterprises.
(2) Oilfield surface pipeline containing corrosive medium
(2.1) Oil outlet pipeline
(2.2) Gathering and transmission pipeline
(2.3) Pipelines with requirements for water quality
(2.4) Brine pipeline
(2.5) Sewage reinjection pipeline
(2.6) Pipeline in sewage treatment station
(2.7) Buried pipeline with serious external corrosion
(2.8) Corrosive medium transmission pipeline in refinery
(3) Injection pipe for enhanced oil recovery
The methods to improve oil recovery include water injection, carbon dioxide injection, polymer injection, and ASP flooding. The corrosion of tubing is more serious due to the increasingly corrosive media. use
(3.1) FRP high-pressure pipe is used as ground injection pipeline and
(3.2) It is a good measure to solve the corrosion problem that fiberglass tubing is used as downhole injection pipe.
(4) FRP casing
(4.1) Tubeless production well
(4.2) Tubeless gas production well
(4.3) The production interval of observation well
(4.4) Production wells with serious corrosion
(4.5) Large displacement net horizontal section
(5) Pipe for offshore platform
(5.1) Low-pressure GRP water transmission pipe
(5.2) Isolate the seawater inner pipe
4. Application Status and Potential of High-pressure FRP Pipe
High-pressure fiberglass pipes began to be widely used in oil fields, petrochemical and other fields in developed countries in the early 1980s. Among them, the United States has applied more than 1 million kilometers of fiberglass pipes in the oil field, increasing by 5% to 10% annually.
All kinds of corrosion problems, water injection and tertiary oil recovery technologies are important factors to promote the application of high-pressure fiberglass steel pipes in oil fields.
High-pressure fiberglass pipe fundamentally solves the corrosion problem
The petroleum industry of all countries in the world is troubled by chemical corrosion. For example, in Shengli Oilfield, the corrosion problem is very prominent. Some steel pipelines are buried 40-50 days after corrosion perforation; Even in Dongxin Oil Production Plant of Shengli Oilfield with good corrosion protection treatment, the salinity of water is up to 100000 mg/L, and it is not uncommon that corrosion perforation occurs after about three months of operation. The high-pressure fiberglass pipe material itself is a corrosion-resistant material, which fundamentally solves this problem.
High-pressure fiberglass pipe improves water injection and oil recovery technology
For water injection and oil production process, the requirements for water quality are very strict. The mineral content of oily sewage used for oil production process is not more than 10 milligrams per liter, and the particles are also quite strict. However, if the processed water is transported by steel pipe, the pipeline may rust, peel off and fall into the water after passing through a long pipeline, thus polluting the water quality. This kind of water containing rust particles is easy to cause rock formation blockage during the process of water injection into the rock formation, causing the so-called rock formation poisoning, resulting in a sharp increase in the water injection pressure, and in serious cases, the water injection can be interrupted, affecting the normal operation of the oil extraction process. Because the inner wall of high-pressure fiberglass pipe is not rusted, it is always smooth and clean, which greatly improves the water injection effect.
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